diff --git a/include/editor.h b/include/editor.h
index a1992bc..32d37ef 100644
--- a/include/editor.h
+++ b/include/editor.h
@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@
 #define EDITOR_H_
 
 void insert_char(int c);
+void insert_new_line();
+void del_char();
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/row.h b/include/row.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fa69b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/row.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef ROW_H_
+#define ROW_H_
+
+int row_cx_to_rx(row *row, int cx);
+void update_row(row *row);
+void insert_row(int at, char *s, size_t len);
+void free_row(row *row);
+void del_row(int at);
+void row_insert_char(row *row, int at, int c);
+void row_append_str(row *row, char *s, size_t len);
+void row_del_char(row *row, int at);
+char *rows_to_str(int *buflen);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/vip.h b/include/vip.h
index 87a3559..2ff95ce 100644
--- a/include/vip.h
+++ b/include/vip.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 /* CONFIG */
 #define TAB_SIZE 4
 
+#define VERSION "0.0.1"
+
 /* number of times of warning before quitting when there is modified text */
 #define QUIT_CONFIRM 2
 
@@ -15,12 +17,15 @@
 #define SURFACE_1_BG "\x1b[38;2;49;50;68m"
 #define BLACK_BG "\x1b[38;2;0;0;0m"
 #define BLACK_FG "\x1b[48;2;0;0;0m"
-#define WHITE_FG "\x1b[48;2;255;255;255m"
+#define WHITE_FG "\x1b[48;2;205;214;244m"
 #define BLUE_FG "\x1b[48;2;137;180;250m"
 #define BLUE_BG "\x1b[38;2;137;180;250m"
 #define GREEN_FG "\x1b[48;2;166;227;161m"
 
-#define VERSION "0.0.1"
+
+#define NORMAL 0
+#define INSERT 1
+#define VISUAL 2
 
 typedef struct row {
 	int size;
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@ typedef struct editor {
 	int rows;
 	row *row;
 	int dirty;
+	int mode;
 	char *filename;
 	char statusmsg[80];
 	time_t statusmsg_time;
@@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ void abAppend(struct abuf *ab, const char *s, int len);
 
 void append_row(char *s, size_t len);
 void row_insert_char(row *row, int at, int c);
+void row_del_char(row *row, int at);
 
 extern editor vip;
 
diff --git a/src/editor.c b/src/editor.c
index 199fa88..c6116b9 100644
--- a/src/editor.c
+++ b/src/editor.c
@@ -1,12 +1,46 @@
 #include "vip.h"
+#include "row.h"
 
 extern editor vip;
 
 void insert_char(int c)
 {
 	if (vip.cy == vip.rows) {
-		append_row("", 0);
+		insert_row(vip.rows, "", 0);
 	}
 	row_insert_char(&vip.row[vip.cy], vip.cx, c);
 	vip.cx++;
 }
+
+void insert_new_line()
+{
+	if (vip.cx == 0) {
+		insert_row(vip.cy, "", 0);
+	} else {
+		row *row = &vip.row[vip.cy];
+		insert_row(vip.cy + 1, &row->chars[vip.cx], row->size - vip.cx);
+		row = &vip.row[vip.cy];
+		row->size = vip.cx;
+		row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
+		update_row(row);
+	}
+	vip.cy++;
+	vip.cx = 0;
+}
+
+void del_char()
+{
+	if (vip.cy == vip.rows) return;
+	if (vip.cx == 0 && vip.cy == 0) return;
+
+	row *row = &vip.row[vip.cy];
+	if (vip.cx > 0) {
+		row_del_char(row, vip.cx - 1);
+		vip.cx--;
+	} else {
+		vip.cx = vip.row[vip.cy - 1].size;
+		row_append_str(&vip.row[vip.cy - 1], row->chars, row->size);
+		del_row(vip.cy);
+		vip.cy--;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/row.c b/src/row.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da4e5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/row.c
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "vip.h"
+
+extern editor vip;
+
+int row_cx_to_rx(row *row, int cx)
+{
+	int rx = 0;
+	for (int j = 0; j < cx; j++) {
+		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
+			rx += (TAB_SIZE - 1) - (rx % TAB_SIZE);
+		}
+		rx++;
+	}
+	return rx;
+}
+
+void update_row(row *row)
+{
+	int tabs = 0;
+	for (int j = 0; j < row->size; j++)
+		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') tabs++;
+	free(row->render);
+	row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * (TAB_SIZE - 1) + 1);
+	int idx = 0;
+	for (int j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
+		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
+			row->render[idx++] = ' ';
+			while (idx % TAB_SIZE != 0) {
+				row->render[idx++] = ' ';
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
+		}
+	}
+	row->render[idx] = '\0';
+	row->render_size = idx;
+}
+
+void insert_row(int at, char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	if (at < 0 || at > vip.rows) return;
+
+	vip.row = realloc(vip.row, sizeof(row) * (vip.rows + 1));
+	memmove(&vip.row[at + 1], &vip.row[at], sizeof(row) * (vip.rows - at));
+
+	vip.row[at].size = len;
+	vip.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
+	memcpy(vip.row[at].chars, s, len);
+	vip.row[at].chars[len] = '\0';
+
+	vip.row[at].render_size = 0;
+	vip.row[at].render = NULL;
+	update_row(&vip.row[at]);
+
+	vip.rows++;
+	vip.dirty++;
+}
+
+void free_row(row *row)
+{
+	free(row->render);
+	free(row->chars);
+}
+
+void del_row(int at)
+{
+	if (at < 0 || at >= vip.rows) return;
+	free_row(&vip.row[at]);
+	memmove(&vip.row[at], &vip.row[at + 1], sizeof(row) * (vip.rows - at - 1));
+	vip.rows--;
+	vip.dirty++;
+}
+
+void row_insert_char(row *row, int at, int c)
+{
+	if (at < 0 || at > row->size) {
+		at = row->size;
+	}
+	row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + 2);
+	memmove(&row->chars[at + 1], &row->chars[at], row->size - at + 1);
+	row->size++;
+	row->chars[at] = c;
+	update_row(row);
+	vip.dirty++;
+}
+
+void row_append_str(row *row, char *s, size_t len)
+{
+	row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + len + 1);
+	memcpy(&row->chars[row->size], s, len);
+	row->size += len;
+	row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
+	update_row(row);
+	vip.dirty++;
+}
+
+void row_del_char(row *row, int at)
+{
+	if (at < 0 || at >= row->size) return;
+	memmove(&row->chars[at], &row->chars[at + 1], row->size - at);
+	row->size--;
+	update_row(row);
+	vip.dirty++;
+}
+
+char *rows_to_str(int *buflen)
+{
+	int total_len = 0;
+	for (int j = 0; j < vip.rows; j++) {
+		total_len += vip.row[j].size + 1;
+	}
+	*buflen = total_len;
+	char *buf = malloc(total_len);
+	char *p = buf;
+	for (int j = 0; j < vip.rows; j++) {
+		memcpy(p, vip.row[j].chars, vip.row[j].size);
+		p += vip.row[j].size;
+		*p = '\n';
+		p++;
+	}
+	return buf;
+}
diff --git a/src/vip.c b/src/vip.c
index 3f89a44..78ff7c7 100644
--- a/src/vip.c
+++ b/src/vip.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "term.h"
 #include "bar.h"
 #include "editor.h"
+#include "row.h"
 
 #define CTRL_KEY(k) ((k) & 0x1f)
 
@@ -90,90 +91,6 @@ int read_key()
 	}
 }
 
-int row_cx_to_rx(row *row, int cx)
-{
-	int rx = 0;
-	for (int j = 0; j < cx; j++) {
-		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
-			rx += (TAB_SIZE - 1) - (rx % TAB_SIZE);
-		}
-		rx++;
-	}
-	return rx;
-}
-
-void update_row(row *row)
-{
-	int tabs = 0;
-	for (int j = 0; j < row->size; j++)
-		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') tabs++;
-	free(row->render);
-	row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * (TAB_SIZE - 1) + 1);
-	int idx = 0;
-	for (int j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
-		if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
-			row->render[idx++] = ' ';
-			while (idx % TAB_SIZE != 0) {
-				row->render[idx++] = ' ';
-			}
-		}
-		else {
-			row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
-		}
-	}
-	row->render[idx] = '\0';
-	row->render_size = idx;
-}
-
-void append_row(char *s, size_t len)
-{
-	vip.row = realloc(vip.row, sizeof(row) * (vip.rows + 1));
-
-	int at = vip.rows;
-	vip.row[at].size = len;
-	vip.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
-	memcpy(vip.row[at].chars, s, len);
-	vip.row[at].chars[len] = '\0';
-
-	vip.row[at].render_size = 0;
-	vip.row[at].render = NULL;
-	update_row(&vip.row[at]);
-
-	vip.rows++;
-	vip.dirty++;
-}
-
-void row_insert_char(row *row, int at, int c)
-{
-	if (at < 0 || at > row->size) {
-		at = row->size;
-	}
-	row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + 2);
-	memmove(&row->chars[at + 1], &row->chars[at], row->size - at + 1);
-	row->size++;
-	row->chars[at] = c;
-	update_row(row);
-	vip.dirty++;
-}
-
-char *rows_to_str(int *buflen)
-{
-	int total_len = 0;
-	for (int j = 0; j < vip.rows; j++) {
-		total_len += vip.row[j].size + 1;
-	}
-	*buflen = total_len;
-	char *buf = malloc(total_len);
-	char *p = buf;
-	for (int j = 0; j < vip.rows; j++) {
-		memcpy(p, vip.row[j].chars, vip.row[j].size);
-		p += vip.row[j].size;
-		*p = '\n';
-		p++;
-	}
-	return buf;
-}
-
 void open_editor(char *filename)
 {
 	free(vip.filename);
@@ -190,7 +107,7 @@ void open_editor(char *filename)
 		while (len > 0 && (line[len - 1] == '\n' || line[len - 1] == '\r')) {
 			len--;
 		}
-		append_row(line, len);
+		insert_row(vip.rows, line, len);
 	}
 	free(line);
 	fclose(fp);
@@ -345,11 +262,12 @@ void move_cursor(int key)
 
 void process_key()
 {
-	static int quit_times = QUIT_CONFIRM
+	static int quit_times = QUIT_CONFIRM;
+
 	int c = read_key();
 	switch (c) {
 		case '\r':
-			/* TBC */
+			insert_new_line();
 			break;
 
 		case CTRL_KEY('q'):
@@ -380,7 +298,9 @@ void process_key()
 		case BACKSPACE:
 		case CTRL_KEY('h'):
 		case DEL_KEY:
-			/* TBC */
+			if (c == DEL_KEY)
+				move_cursor(ARROW_RIGHT);
+			del_char();
 			break;
 
 		case PAGE_UP:
@@ -426,6 +346,7 @@ void init_editor()
 	vip.rows = 0;
 	vip.row = NULL;
 	vip.dirty = 0;
+	vip.mode = NORMAL;
 	vip.filename = NULL;
 	vip.statusmsg[0] = '\0';
 	vip.statusmsg_time = 0;